Cover
Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025)

Published: December 15, 2025

Pages: 143-165

Review Paper

Advances in Composite Materials: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications in Various Industries, A Review

M.J. Aljumaili 1 Abbas H. Faris 2 Omar A. Alwash 3 Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim 4
1Biomedical Engineering Research Center, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
2Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
3Scientific research commission, Baghdad, Iraq
4Lignocellulosic Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
History
  • Received: July 23, 2025
  • Revised: November 12, 2025
  • Accepted: November 25, 2025
  • Available Online: December 15, 2025
DOI

https://doi.org/10.37649/AJES-25-019

Abstract

This review presents a comprehensive study on composites with particular interest in various synthesis techniques, advanced characterizations, and wide industrial applications. The survey includes such time categories of composites as polymer matrix (PMCs), metal matrix (MMCs), ceramic matrix carbides (CMCs), and nanocomposites, and describes the mechanical behavior and the advantages of their structural performance. The paper focuses on the development of fundamental manufacturing processes such as hand lay-up, filament winding, and additive manufacturing. It also describes different techniques of characterization of the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of them. Interest in the use of nanocomposites is also increasing due to their high surface area and excellent performance, which could be suitable for high-temperature and light engineering applications. Moreover, this review highlights the industrial relevance of composites, which have been extensively utilized in aerospace, automobile, marine, and civil infrastructure applications. It also solves key recyclability and environmental sustainability challenges. Finally, the paper highlights transient progress in composites as a fundamental material of new generation high-performance technologies and identifies some research gaps, but possible ways for progress towards sustainable innovation.

Keywords

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