Many studies were achieved in order to improve water efficiency treatment and to remove high turbidity by using Coagulants like Alum with Coagulants aid like polymers. Many researches explain the effect of these polymers on the removal of high water turbidity over the past years attempting to improve the coagulation and flocculation processes. Several experiments were performed to investigate the effect of using other types of coagulants aid on the percentage removal of turbidity and to find the optimum dosage of coagulant (alum) and coagulant aid. The coagulants used in this study were alum, Porcelanite and Silica Gel which are used in general company of ceramic and glass factory in Ramadi City as liquid state .The initial turbidity at 450 NTU was used with floc growth and floc formation was studied for Kaolinite 10 µm particles size. The results were obtained and plotted to show the effect of using different dosages of the mentioned coagulants on the residual and percentage removal of turbidity. Also, other parameters like TDS, Ec, pH and salt were calculated. The results indicated that the efficient coagulant type with dose of 30 mg/l is 4.56 NTU residual turbidity and removal percentage of 98.98% by using alum with silica, with the percentage of alum is 60% and 40% of Silica and pH value 7.66.
This study assessed the temporal and spatial water quality variability to reveal the characteristics of the Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq. A total of 14 water quality parameters (water temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Alkanets (Alk), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity (Tur), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), sulphate (SO4), total suspended solids (TSS), sodium (Na), and potassium (k)) were analyzed Use of multivariate statistical methods in a total of three stations for the period 2016-2017. In this study was use a statistical approach to determine the water quality using the Pearson Correlation Index (PCI), Principal component analysis (PCA), and Factor Analysis (FA) were used to analyze the data. Main water pollutant sources were wastewater from agricultural drainage and industrial wastewater. Significant relationships recorded between the investigated parameters based on the results of PCI, at the 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels. Per the FA results, 77.1 % of the total variance explained by two factors.
This research focuses on studying the impact of different sources of wastewater, such as do-mestic, industrial, agricultural, etc. upon groundwater. The swamp of contaminated water collec-tion within the Al-Anbar University area was taken as a case study for this research. This swamp has a pond that works as a collection basin for different sources of wastewater mainly domestic waste coming from leakage of contaminated water from the septic-tank of the residential com-plex of students. This contaminated water will leak over time within the folds of soil due to per-meability and the effect of land attraction and reach the levels of groundwater.The presence of polluted water near groundwater is an environmental hazard and harmful because this leakage water has different diseases and germs, which could pose a danger to human health. Different samples of these sources were taken from different places at different times and some physical, chemical, and biological tests were then conducted. Wastewaters characterization was also investigated in this study to make an assessment for water quality and find out a proper treatment method. Data obtained from this study show different levels of pollutants, which could highly affect groundwater quality. A proper and advanced treatment method was also proposed in this study, depending on the wastewater characterization results. The purpose of this research is wastewater treatment using the physical method with coagulation and Flocculation processes with local coagulants to reduce pollutants impact on groundwater.The results showed the addi-tion of alum at 35 mg/l increased the removal efficiency by 80.7% at the settling time of 60 min, and the addition of 35 mg/l of the lime increased the removal efficiency by 63.9% at the same settling time.It has been proven that the use of alum is more effective than lime for sedimenta-tion suspended matter. The optimum dosage and settling time are 20 mg/l and 60 min respec-tively.