Numerous inserts types are employed in different heat transfer improvement application devices. In this review study is forced on various types of twisted tape inserts in heat exchanger pipe. Geometrical configurations of twisted tape for example twist direction; length, width, space, twist ratio etc. were highly effect on flow pattern, hydrodynamic flow and heat transfer performance. In this review study observed that using different types of twisted tapes can improve thermal performance and hydrodynamic as compared to smooth pipe (without twisted tape). The review investigations found that improvement of thermal performance happens owing to decrease in pipe cross area, leads to rise in mixing flow, turbulence flow intensity flow and rise in swirl flow established through different kinds of twisted tapes. This article dealt with investigations pub-lished in corrugated pipes with varying field applications to provide good information for engi-neers and designers whom dealing and concerning with improvement of heat performance in heat exchanger corrugated pipes.
Composite pressure vessels (i.e. types III and IV) are widely used for compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles, as storage cylinders to reduce the weight while maintaining high mechanical properties. These vessels can achieve 70-80% of weight saving, as compared to steel vessels (type I). So, prediction of first ply failure and burst pressure of these vessels is of great concern. Thus, this paper involved a review of literature regarding the first ply failure and burst pressure of composite pressure vessels (types III and IV). The review included the researches related to the simulation, mathematical modeling, and experimental analysis. The study focused on simulation-related research more than others due to the complexities of mathematical modeling of such problems in addition to the high cost of experimental tests. The results indicated that the stacking sequence of layers, vessel thickness and the type of selected composites were the main factors that mainly affect the vessel burst pressure performance. Accordingly, the optimization in the vessel structure (composite fabric architecture) parameters plays an important role in the performance of burst pressure. This in turn will lead to a high vessel durability, longer life-time and better prediction of burst pressure. Furthermore, the study showed that the prediction of first ply failure is more important than burst pressure knowledge of pressure vessels because it gives an initial prediction of vessel failure before the final failure occurrence. This in turn, may prevent the catastrophic damage of vessel.
Since concrete is one of the most popularly utilized building mixtures in construction, a high demand of natural resources is significantly emerged. Therefore, a skyrocketed attention has been paid to create new opportunities for the use of recycle materials to develop a new construc-tion substance with more satisfactory properties. The use of waste products in concrete is not only economical, but it helps in solid waste management as well. Among various properties of concrete, thermal conductivity is a crucial factor that plays an important role in in building insu-lation by evaluating a material's capacity to transfer heat. This paper aims to review the potential application of waste materials in concrete as additive ingredients and investigate the effect of this waste material on thermal conductivity of concrete. The review of literature revealed that the application of most of the waste materials exhibited an obvious potential as thermal insulator. However, further investigated work is needed to highlight the advantages of utilizing waste mate-rials in concrete containing various type of waste materials
Photovoltaic cells are one of the renewable energy sources that have been employed to produce electrical energy from solar radiation falling on them, but not all incident radiate will produce electrical energy, part of those radiate cause the panel temperature to rise, reducing its efficiency and its operational life, unless an attempt is made to employ one of the traditional cooling methods or innovating other methods to cooling it to reduce this effect, which it represented in the active and passive cooling method. In fact, it is difficult to compare the active method with the passive method, as each method has its Advantages and disadvantages that may suit one region without another. But in general, there are basic factors through which at least a comparison between the two methods can be made. Relatively the passive method is less expensive, in addition to no need for additional parts such as pumps and controllers, there is no energy consumption because it does not require power. But it is less effective and efficient than the active method, while the active method has the ability to disperse the heat higher than the passive method. However, it necessitates the use of electricity and is frequently costlier than the passive strategy. In this review, the most common active and passive cases were reviewed, and the pros and cons of each case are summarized in discussion due to the difficulty to list them. The review recommends that future studies should focus on active water cooling and heat-sink, both of which are viable cooling strategies.
The most popular evolutionary search techniques are genetic algorithms (GAs). Even though they are frequently used to solve control engineering problems, they are currently not a common tool in the control engineer's toolbox. This may be due in part to the fact that there are currently few general overviews of the employment of GAs for control engineering problems, and that they are often reported on at computer science conferences rather than conferences for control engineers. This review study is intended to assist researchers and practitioners in identifying prospective research issues, potential solutions, as well as advantages and disadvantages of each technique. This study gives a brief overview of contemporary a Genetic Algorithm (GA) in control systems. Additionally, offers a number of control techniques used with the GA that have undergone extensive research. The conclusion of this study listed in a table to show the effectiveness of GA in various control technique and which field didn’t used till the time of preparing this review.
These systems show great promise by converting waste heat from photovoltaic modules into additional electrical power. The study analyzes the performance and efficiency of the hybrid PV-TEG systems under varying conditions, such as different solar concentration ratios, cooling methods, and materials. While these innovations promise to improve system efficiency, the review also identifies several challenges, including increased thermal resistance, higher system costs, and the minimal temperature difference across the TEG, which significantly limits its performance. This limitation, where the temperature differential is often too small to be effectively harnessed, reduces the TEG's overall efficiency and hinders the integrated system's potential gains. The review underscores the need for urgent and extensive research to develop optimized design configurations, durable mathematical models, and further experimental validation to ensure the practical viability of these systems under diverse environmental conditions. Despite these challenges, the potential of PV-TEG systems to revolutionize solar energy technologies is undeniable.PV-TEG performance is intricately linked to environmental conditions: higher solar radiation boosts efficiency, but increased ambient temperatures reduce it. TEGs often hinder PV cooling, yielding minimal efficiency gains. Non-uniform heat and low-temperature differences across TEGs further decrease performance. While hybrids can improve power conversion, high costs limit feasibility. However, with strategies such as enhancing solar concentration, using effective cooling methods like water or nanofluids, and advanced materials like phase change materials, the efficiency and reliability of these systems can be significantly improved
Previous studies showed that fire incidents cause a considerable deterioration of limestone samples' engineering and physical properties. Various laboratory tests were used in previous studies to investigate the properties of limestone. These tests included destructive and non-destructive tests like the hammer test, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, water-capillary rise test, and water transfer properties test, as well as destructive tests like the unconfined compression test and Brazilian tensile test. The stones of buildings exposed to fire are occasionally assessed on the site. This study analysed the physical and mechanical changes that occurred to the limestone samples when subjected to high temperatures, the damage mechanism, and laboratory or field damage assessment. This study also includes a review of the most significant studies that looked at how alternative cooling techniques—rapid water cooling or gradual air cooling—affect stone samples subjected to high temperatures and compared the behaviour of the samples in each scenario
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a membrane filtering system that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove contaminants from water before sending the purified water on to be used in a number of settings, such as households and factories. The goal of this study is to investigate the process of reverse osmosis as well as the current status of the membrane materials that are used in the process. These membrane materials are the driving elements in the process. This review also includes a discussion on the cleaning of membranes, the utilization of RO systems for a number of applications, and new advancements in the field of reverse osmosis. In the process of cleaning water, reverse osmosis, also known as RO, is a potent technique that makes use of a semi-permeable membrane to remove hazardous bacteria as well as dissolved particles. This technique is utilized on a regular basis for the purpose of desalinating seawater for use in drinking, agricultural, and industrial applications.
Problematic soils, especially clayey soil, are problematic for engineering projects in their natural state because of clay's swell-shrinkage phenomenon. Numerous methods and stabilizer materials have been used to enhance clay's geotechnical properties and make them appropriate for construction. One of the significant methods of stabilization of problematic soil is using waste materials like waste glass, waste stone, waste plastic, etc. Due to the waste stone's consistency reducing water content and increasing the soil's strength, it has been employed in many civil engineering studies. Waste stone is available in various forms, including waste stone powder (WSP). WSP is produced by blasting tunnels or cutting huge stone blocks. Hence, the main aim of this study is to review the influence of WSP on improving the geotechnical properties of problematic soils treated with WSP, for this purpose, the treated problematic soils with various percentages of WSP are compared with natural soils. This study evaluates physical properties (i.e., Index properties, linear shrinkage/swelling, optimum moisture content, and maximum dry density) and mechanical properties (i.e., unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio). Also, the effect of WSP on decreasing the thickness of pavement layers was reviewed
Water treatment sludge (WTS) is a byproduct generated during the treatment of wastewater. In recent years, researchers have explored the potential of using WTS as a soil stabilizer to improve the geotechnical properties of soils. In this review, we will examine the current state of knowledge on the use of WTS for this purpose. The organic matter content of WTS is usually high and can range from 30% to 60%. The high organic matter content makes WTS a potential source of nutrients for plants, and it can also enhance soil structure and water retention. Another important consideration is the environmental impact of using WTS. The use of WTS can be an eco-friendly alternative to chemical stabilizers, which can have adverse effects on the environment. However, there are concerns about the potential for heavy metal contamination in WTS. To mitigate this risk, it is recommended to conduct thorough testing of WTS before using it as a soil stabilizer. Finally, the use of WTS as a soil stabilizer has the potential to improve the geotechnical properties of soils. However, it is essential to consider factors such as the type and dosage of WTS, the soil type, and the environmental impact before using it. Further research is also needed to explore the potential of using WTS in different soil types and environmental conditions.
The cooling system of a car engine effects strongly the efficiency of the car engine so many studies were presented to enhance the cooling system of the car. The components of the cooling system are radiator, water pumps, fan, shutters, thermostats, expansion tanks/storage tanks, water pipes, water temperature gauges, etc. Among these components, the radiator considers the primary key to enhancing the efficiency of the car engine. Many studies were achieved to enhance the efficiency of car radiators by using different nanofluids as a coolant are discussed in this literature review study. These previous studies investigated various kinds of nanofluids such as Al2O3, CuO, TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO with different base fluids. Nanofluid concentrations, nanofluid temperature, and nanofluid flow rate were studied by previous studies eleven years ago.
Since FGM orthotropic structures have such striking qualities as high strength, exceptional stiffness, stiffness-to-weight ratio, reduced cost, and high strength-to-weight ratio, they are employed extensively in the mechanical, aerospace, and civil engineering sectors. Thick plates and shells have more noticeable shear deformation effects. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a lot of interest in the vibration and buckling investigation of FGMs orthotropic plates and shells. Moreover, researchers have developed a variety of approaches and procedures for the examination of orthotropic FGM plates and shells. The majority of the literature review in this publication is focused on orthotropic FGMs plate and shell buckling and linear and nonlinear free vibration. In engineering practices, it is customary to use material-oriented or orthotropic materials in several domains to optimize the structures and maximize material properties, which is especially crucial for FG constructions. Solutions for the orthotropic FGM structure are studied analytically and numerically with different plate and shell theories.
Designing an integrated communications system with efficient features is important to researchers and designers. This paper deals with a review of the most important technologies and applications that combine solar cells and communication systems such as Li-Fi technology and its principle of operation, which is a wireless system in which the optical signal is used as a carrier signal as an alternative to the traditional radio frequencies used in Wi-Fi networks, where Li-Fi relies on LED to transmit data, and at high speeds that exceed Wi-Fi technology. Solar Power Satellite (SPS) technology where the satellite is placed in a geostationary orbit in the equatorial plane. As well as the application of photovoltaic solar cells in the SOLPLANT planar antenna, and the replacement of the radiating element of the antenna with a solar cell. The solar cell can transmit and receive electromagnetic signals as well as generate direct current and can be used as antennas either as a single solar cell or group cells and has wide applications in wireless, mobile, Bluetooth and satellite systems. The solar cell has also been applied in Micro strip antenna called Solan , where the solar cell antenna can be considered as a platform for many communication applications and can also be adopted as a radio frequency transmitter and receiver. As well as the design of many antennas integrated with solar cells and compatible with the 5G communication system , in addition to the presence of many applications that combined smart phones and solar cells. This study showed that these technologies and applications provided clean, safe, high-efficiency, high-speed, data-transferring communication systems with low cost.
Deep mixing technology is used to improve the engineering properties of soil. In this review, previous studies on the properties and problems of weak soils were collected and explained, focusing on silty soils found globally and locally. The study also includes a discussion of physical and chemical improvement methods, specifically (cement columns). The advantages of deep mixing technology are also covered from an engineering and economic point of view, as well as its relationship to the environmental impact, as it is one of the sustainable development techniques due to its use of environmentally friendly materials. In addition, one of the objectives of this research is to study the methods of adding cement, whether in the form of powder (dry method) or mortar (wet method). A comparison was made between them to clarify the advantages and disadvantages. It was found that what distinguishes the use of the dry method from the wet method is that the former is more common. The method's effectiveness depends on the soil's moisture content, so the technique is ineffective in soils with less than 30% water content. As cement hydration produces a cementitious gel (CSH) that binds soil particles together, leading to early strength gain, pozzolanic reactions cause increased shear strength and decreased soil compressibility. Finally, some recommendations are included in this article to understand the behavior of cement columns in improving soil and avoiding problems
Matrix converters (MCs) have attracted significant interest and found extensive applications across multiple industries owing to their desirable characteristics. These include the capability to produce sinusoidal currents at both input and output, substantial size reduction, and enhanced reliability by minimizing significant passive components. This paper explores the potential of MC technology as a viable alternative to conventional AC-DC-AC converters in industrial applications. It discusses recent advancements in MC structural configurations, modulation/control algorithms, and multiphase structures and control systems. The paper offers an in-depth review of modern industrial uses of MC technology. It also delves into different methods for managing induction motors, particularly the DTC (Direct Torque Control) approach. The study explores the intricacies of DTC and its relationship with SVM. The primary research objective is to examine the performance of an IM when operated with an SVPWM inverter, focusing on harmonic analysis of voltages and currents. Various PWM methods regulate the voltage and frequency supplied to the IM. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and SVPWM are the two most commonly used 3-phase Voltage Source Inverter strategies. The growing adoption of SVPWM is driven by its ability to reduce harmonic content in voltage and enhance the fundamental output voltage of the IM. Consequently, this study models a DTC-SVM theory-driven IM using MATLAB/SIMULINK to control the speed of induction motors. The following values were calculated for the system: Quality factor=2.236, Damping ratio=4.45, and the cut-off frequency (fc=355.88H).
Heat exchangers are considered essential parts in many industrial applications. The construction process for heat exchangers is completely complex because accurate measurements of the penalty of pressure-drop and the rate of heat transfer are needed. Designing a compact heat exchanger with a high heat transfer rate, while utilizing the least amount of pumping power, is the main design challenge. The most recent investigations (including experimental results, numerical models, and analytical solutions) in the field of circular tube heat exchangers in general, and twisted tapes and wire coils in particular, are covered in this review article, which has more than 90 references. The enhancement techniques in heat exchangers tubes can generally be separated into three groups: active, passive, and hybrid (compound) approaches. This article reviews the literature on advancements made in passive enhancement approaches, with a specific focus on two types of passive promoters that employ twisted tapes and wire coils. The main contribution of this research is to highlight the behavior and structure of fluid flow and the heat transfer features for the twisted tapes and the wire coils. It also explains how these passive promoters can be used in circular tube heat exchangers to improve hydrothermal performance. Where, the installation of wire coils and twisted tapes considerably alters the flow pattern and aids in the improvement of heat transfer. Where, comprehending the behavior of fluid flow is crucial and contributes to the enhancement of heat transfer. Twisted tapes are less effective in turbulent flow than wire coils because they obstruct the flow, which results in a significant pressure reduction. When it comes to turbulent flow, the thermohydraulic performance of twisted tapes is lower to that of wire coils.
Agricultural, industrial, and household debris can be employed as biosorbents to extract heavy metals from water that has been contaminated. Kitchen waste includes, among other things, peels from promotional gates, lemons, avocados, apples, kiwis, watermelons, and onions. Moreover, coffee and tea grounds are considered to be household refuse. This review illustrates the scholarly investigations that explored the potential of various waste materials as adsorbents for wastewater treatment. An extensive array of experiments was conducted to determine the variables that influence the capacity of these materials to adsorb heavy metals. To undertake the experiments above, different concentrations of biosorbent were introduced into the effluent at various contact times and pH levels. The researchers investigated the effects of varying these parameters and found that the biosorbent's ability to adsorb heavy metals is directly proportional to these factors. The results and conclusion indicated that the impact of biosorbent concentration and contact duration on the pH of contaminated water was assessed. To encourage the incorporation of industrial, agricultural, and household refuse into water treatment processes rather than permitting it to accumulate as an environmental hazard.
The published studies about the water quality of Euphrates River in Iraq till now have been reviewed critically. The revision of the published researches depend upon several bases including the period of samples collection, the number of sampling stations, water samples collection method, the analytical techniques employed to measure and analyze the results. This critical study concluded that the need to follow a specific protocol in selection sampling sites, how the samples are collected, how samples are analyzed, and pay attention to quality assurance and quality control during sample collection, preservation and analytical procedures.
Internet-based platforms such as social media have a great deal of big data that is available in the shape of text, audio, video, and image. Sentiment Analysis (SA) of this big data has become a field of computational studies. Therefore, SA is necessary in texts in the form of messages or posts to determine whether a sentiment is negative or positive. SA is also crucial for the development of opinion mining systems. SA combines techniques of Natural Language Processing (NLP) with data mining approaches for developing inelegant systems. Therefore, an approach that can classify sentiments into two classes, namely, positive sentiment and negative sentiment is proposed. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifier has been used in this document classification system. The present research aims to provide an effective approach to improving the accuracy of SA systems. The proposed approach is applied to and tested on two datasets, namely, a Twitter dataset and a movie review dataset; the accuracies achieved reach 85% and 99% respectively.
The detection of faults in electronic circuits is crucial to ensure the proper performance and reliability of electronic applications that utilize these devices. This work discovers, for the first time, that a direct tester board for fault diagnosis can be used not only for the intended measurement of current and voltage but also for studying the potential development of these magnitudes in inaccessible locations, as it detects register transfer level signals through oscilloscopes with low acquisition speeds. The experimental analysis carried out combines the use of commercial software with spatial distribution tracking and the exploitation of the sizes of network links in their computer graphical representation. The proper detection of malfunctions in electronic systems is crucial for enhancing their performance and reliability. We intend to explore the troubleshooting of analog electronic systems, for which we use wide-band direct tester boards. To evaluate its performance in routine practice, we perform experimentation using two different analog circuits designed. They consist of conventional operational amplifiers and element modeling based on equivalent resistance-capacitance networks. Given the procedure followed, commercial programs were used. Special mention should be made of the conclusion matrix, which is interesting when selecting suitable diagnostic parameters. The effectiveness of direct measurement based on integrated probes in the two projects, which allowed for fault insertion, was also confirmed. The results and discussions were enriched by the summarized experimental test report. The work concludes with a reflection on the relationship between this work and the existing state of the art, as well as the new challenges posed by international researchers.
Solar cells play a vital role in renewable energy systems, and ongoing research is dedicated to enhancing their power efficiency and longevity. Advancements in perovskite solar cells, particularly in power conversion efficiency (PCE), have shown significant progress, confirming its viability as a technology. Perovskite solar cells have achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) levels of up to 25.5%, comparable to conventional photovoltaic technologies like silicon, gallium arsenide, and cadmium telluride. The substantial enhancement in power conversion efficiency figures over the last decade has shown a remarkable advancement in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. This study examines the trajectory of perovskite solar cells in becoming economically feasible and generally embraced as a critical renewable energy technology. The advancement of flexible and wearable solar cells, together with miniature solar-powered sensors, has increased the efficiency of solar cell power production. Perovskite solar cells have shown a specific power of 23 W/g, much higher than traditional silicon or gallium arsenide solar cells. Further research is needed to address the challenges related to perovskite solar cells' stability and power conversion efficiency. Perovskite solar cells integrated with energy storage units have the potential to enhance the overall efficiency of the system. This study discusses an approach to improve the efficiency of novel solar cells, specifically focusing on lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells and tandem solar cells. The advancement of technology in thin films, such as hybrid nanocomposite thin films and quantum dot-sensitive solar cells, has the potential to improve the efficiency of solar cells. The primary outcome of this study is derived from the following inference: incorporating plasmatic nanostructures into thermal energy systems will enhance their efficiency and sustainability by integrating solar energy.
Enhancing heat transfer, particularly through convection, is crucial in various industrial applications, driving ongoing interest in methods to improve heat transfer rates and the efficiency of heat transfer equipment. Ultrasound has emerged as an effective and reliable method for boosting convective heat transfer, primarily due to the unique phenomena it creates within irradiated fluids, such as sound cavitation and streaming. In heat exchanges, where forced heat convection is typically the primary technique, ultrasound has shown notable effectiveness by improving convective heat transfer and reducing fouling. This paper summarizes recent research on the application of ultrasound in both forced and free convection heat transfer systems, emphasizing studies published in the past decade. Previous research has demonstrated that the influence of ultrasound on heat transfer varies significantly between laminar and turbulent flows, necessitating thoughtful consideration in system design. While progress has been made, gaps remain in understanding the influence of flow rates across systems and the thermal enhancement provided by ultrasound in gaseous systems. Furthermore, most research is conducted in experimental settings, highlighting the need for increased studies to support industrial applications.
A steam boiler is a metal vessel in which a particular liquid is heated to steam. Steam is used in the production of energy in several areas as most boilers convert water to steam used in heating buildings and others. Steam boilers are exposed to corrosion and sediment as a result of salts dissolved in water, which may lead to increased temperature inside the boiler and thus the boiler explosion. The research included finding a suitable way to solve the problem of sedi-ment and corrosion by adding suitable chemicals to get rid of the dissolved salts inside the water and maintain steam boiler. To control this problem, the control system is designed to control the amount of salts in the water in the steam boiler using PLC.
In order to increase output power and thermal efficiency, the temperature going into a gas turbine is much higher than the point at which the material would melt. In order to protect the airfoil of a gas turbine from hot gas and, as a result, extend the blade's life, new internal and film cooling arrangements must be developed immediately. When the incoming air is heated, the gas turbine's output rises proportionately as well. The power output of a gas turbine is determined by the amount of mass flowing through it. Because of this, electricity generation decreases on warm days due to a decrease in air density. It takes a 1% rise in air temperature to reduce power production by 1%. The purpose of this research is to discuss current strategies for cooling incoming air to gas turbines. Mechanical chillers, evaporative coolers, and fogging methods have all been examined. This study focuses primarily on the fogging inlet air cooling system. There are many ways to cool the air going into the engine, but the high-pressure intake fogging method has become more popular over the past ten years because it costs less and makes a big difference in power.
Advanced prosthetics are a crucial aspect of rehabilitation technology and are receiving increased attention globally. Approximately 2 million people require prosthetic limbs, presenting opportunities for enhancing their quality of life. State-of-the-art technologies such as realistic arms and myoelectric prostheses are gaining popularity. Progress in sensor technology, artificial intelligence, and materials has driven the field forward. Various types of controllers, including direct, pattern recognition, and proportional-derivative, have been developed. Integration of material science, computer science, artificial intelligence, and neurology has facilitated controller advancements. Techniques like targeted muscle reinnervation and Osseo integrated prostheses offer improved surgical options. Gesture recognition technologies and intelligent sensors are enhancing hand control. Future advancements will involve machine learning, artificial intelligence, and sensing techniques, while ethical concerns must be addressed. Advanced myoelectric prostheses, also known as myocontrolled or lower-limb micromod investigative prostheses, have a patient acceptance rate of 75% to 80%. However, while these methods offer advantages, there are also drawbacks. Integrating different types of controllers for these smart prostheses and enhancing the overall device's strength and robustness will have a significant impact. This discussion focuses on various types of smart prosthetic controllers, dividing muscle activity into extracellular myoelectric potential and EEG signals
Approximately one-quarter of all automobile collisions in the United States are thought to be caused by a distracted or inattentive driver. As more wireless communication, entertainment, and driver assistance technologies become available in vehicles, the number of distracted driving accidents is projected to rise. Driver distraction is a major concern in North America, Europe, and Japan when it comes to road safety. The importance of driver distraction as a road safety concern, on the other hand, has just lately been recognized. This study presents an overview of current studies on in-vehicle driver distraction, with an emphasis on mobile phone usage, as this technol-ogy has garnered the most attention in the literature on driver distraction. The impact of in-vehicle gadgets on driving performance is discussed in this review. The adaptive techniques driv-ers use to maintain acceptable driving performance when distracted are discussed, as well as the situations under which these adaptive tactics can fail and how driving performance is harmed when they do. Legislation prohibiting drivers from using their cellphones while driving has had minimal effect, presumably due to a lack of regulation and enforcement. As potential preventive measures to decrease accidents caused by distracted drivers, behavior modification programs, enhanced vehicle safety, and public awareness campaigns have been created.
Pile foundations are typically employed when top-soil layers are unstable and incapable of bearing super-structural pressures. Accurately modeling pile behavior is crucial for ensuring optimal structural and serviceability performance. However, traditional methods such as pregnancy testing, while highly accurate, are expensive and time-consuming. Consequently, various approaches have been developed to predict load settlement behavior, including using artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANNs offer the advantage of accurately replicating substrate behavior's nonlinear and intricate relationship without requiring prior formulation.This research aims to employ artificial neural network (ANN) modeling techniques to simulate the load-settlement relationship of drilled piles. The primary aims of this study are threefold: firstly, to assess the effectiveness of the generated ANN model by comparing its results with experimental pile load test data; secondly, to establish a validation method for ANN models; and thirdly, to conduct a sensitivity analysis to identify the significant input factors that influence the model outputs. In addition, this study undertakes a comprehensive review of prior research on using artificial neural networks for predicting pile behavior. Evaluating efficiency measurement indicators demonstrates exceptional performance, particularly concerning the agreement between the predicted and measured pile settlement. The correlation coefficient (R) and coefficient of determination (R^2) indicate a strong correlation between the predicted and measured values, with values of 0.965 and 0.938, respectively. The root mean squared error (RMSE) is 0.051, indicating a small deviation between the predicted and actual values. The mean percentage error (MPE) is 11%, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 21.83%.