Solar cells play a vital role in renewable energy systems, and ongoing research is dedicated to enhancing their power efficiency and longevity. Advancements in perovskite solar cells, particularly in power conversion efficiency (PCE), have shown significant progress, confirming its viability as a technology. Perovskite solar cells have achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) levels of up to 25.5%, comparable to conventional photovoltaic technologies like silicon, gallium arsenide, and cadmium telluride. The substantial enhancement in power conversion efficiency figures over the last decade has shown a remarkable advancement in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. This study examines the trajectory of perovskite solar cells in becoming economically feasible and generally embraced as a critical renewable energy technology. The advancement of flexible and wearable solar cells, together with miniature solar-powered sensors, has increased the efficiency of solar cell power production. Perovskite solar cells have shown a specific power of 23 W/g, much higher than traditional silicon or gallium arsenide solar cells. Further research is needed to address the challenges related to perovskite solar cells' stability and power conversion efficiency. Perovskite solar cells integrated with energy storage units have the potential to enhance the overall efficiency of the system. This study discusses an approach to improve the efficiency of novel solar cells, specifically focusing on lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells and tandem solar cells. The advancement of technology in thin films, such as hybrid nanocomposite thin films and quantum dot-sensitive solar cells, has the potential to improve the efficiency of solar cells. The primary outcome of this study is derived from the following inference: incorporating plasmatic nanostructures into thermal energy systems will enhance their efficiency and sustainability by integrating solar energy.
Photovoltaic cells are one of the renewable energy sources that have been employed to produce electrical energy from solar radiation falling on them, but not all incident radiate will produce electrical energy, part of those radiate cause the panel temperature to rise, reducing its efficiency and its operational life, unless an attempt is made to employ one of the traditional cooling methods or innovating other methods to cooling it to reduce this effect, which it represented in the active and passive cooling method. In fact, it is difficult to compare the active method with the passive method, as each method has its Advantages and disadvantages that may suit one region without another. But in general, there are basic factors through which at least a comparison between the two methods can be made. Relatively the passive method is less expensive, in addition to no need for additional parts such as pumps and controllers, there is no energy consumption because it does not require power. But it is less effective and efficient than the active method, while the active method has the ability to disperse the heat higher than the passive method. However, it necessitates the use of electricity and is frequently costlier than the passive strategy. In this review, the most common active and passive cases were reviewed, and the pros and cons of each case are summarized in discussion due to the difficulty to list them. The review recommends that future studies should focus on active water cooling and heat-sink, both of which are viable cooling strategies.
The increasing price of fossil derivatives, global warming and energy market instabilities are a major problem. In recent years, these problems led to an increasing using of renewable energy sources such as wind energy. Wind turbine used to extract this energy from the wind to produce power or electricity. Due to low cost, easy for maintenance and it is, portability the most com-monly used among wind turbines is small axis wind turbine. Analysis to optimization power coef-ficient ( ) of a small wind turbine blade design model (Primus Wind power AIR 40 Wind Tur-bine 12VDC) are evaluated and discussed in this study. A shape of blade wind turbine is the pri-mery parapeter affected the power output of wind turbine. In this type of turbine NACA2411 used as the blade airfoil as represent shape of blade. For this goal, 185 different airfoils selected. For this purpose, using the XFOIL software to simulate the properties of each airfoil at Re (1.0*105, 1.5*105, 2.0*105, 2.5*105, 3.0*105 and 3.5*105) and angle of attack from 0˚ to 10˚, Then elimination criteria was performed for removing those airfoils would not suitable for the purpose up on their effiency. At the end of analysing Matlab software used for calculate the power coeffi-cient and selecting the best airfoils design for used manufacture anew blade for that type of small wind turbine with better power coefficient. The output of XFOIL and matlab software showed by tabulates and graphs. As a results show 3 airfoils were selected due to their performance better than other airfoils from an initial group of 185 as exemplification of the methodology namely S1210,SD7034 and S2091, The maximum that has been achieved by which used airfoil S1210 equal to 0.52 at Re 350000.
Nowadays, renewable energy sources are becoming further utilized to produce electricity. Fuel cell (FC) is one of the encouraging renewable and sustainable power resources as a result of its high power density and extremely low release. This paper presents suggestion and implementation of FC power system. So as to design a greatly efficient FC power system, proper DC - DC and DC - AC converters are needed. Among the different types of DC - DC converters, Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) has been proposed as appropriate interface between FC and the next stage to transform the produced power energy (low voltage high current input into a high voltage low current output of the FC). 11-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) Multilevel Converter (MLC) is proposed for converting the DC output of the IBC to AC voltage to feed the load. MLC is chosen because it has many attractive features like high voltage capability, smaller or even no output filter, low voltage stress on load. Simulation of the proposed FC power system has been performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK..
Better understanding the innovative process of renewable energy technologies is important for tackling climate change. Concentrated solar power (CSP) is a method of electric generation fueled by the heat of the sun, an endless source of clean, free energy. Commercially viable and quickly expanding, this type of solar technology requires strong, direct solar radiation and is primarily used as a large, centralized source of power for utilities. This study has focused on the feasibility of improving concentrating solar power (CSP) plant efficiency, by manufacturing a diminished prototype. Three states were studied, coloring the central target with a selective black color, fixing a reflector with arc form behind the target, and using these two changes together. The results showed an improvement in the thermal storage varied form month to month. The maximum stored energy was gained at August with increments about 56.1%, 58.63%, 62.23 and 64.69% for ordinary target, black painting, using reflector alone and black target with reflector together, respectively compared with stored energy for March.
The dynamics of wind turbine has to be studied carefully to avoid unpredictable outputs and to make sure that consistent and efficient power is supplied according to the load requirements. There is a great and urgent necessity to increase the efforts in the development of the researches of the renewable energy to decrease the dependency on the conventional ones. The objective of this research is to make a contribution to the ongoing wind turbine research in the area of modeling, which is the first step required for the control and implementation of wind turbines. The wind turbine transfer function is derived and its performance has been established using the MATHLAB Software. This research provided a different approach to wind turbine modeling methodology. The results of this research may be used in another step for completing the control process of the wind turbine.