Scientists have recently started looking for new ecologically friendly and sustainable materials. Construction materials are among the numerous widely employed materials, and it is normally acknowledged that they have an apparent detrimental influence on the environment. Thus, the contribution of this paper is to describe the palm frond natural fibers' effect on concrete's mechanical characteristics. Since concrete is a brittle material, the goal of this research is to increase the tensile strength of concrete by using organic fibers (palm frond fibers), a waste product. In order to determine the ideal percentage of fibers, the following percentages were tested: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% by volume of concrete. On dry density, compressive strength, and tensile strength, the impacts of fibers were investigated. The density of concrete decreased with increasing fiber ratios. The compressive strength slightly decreased, while the splitting strength significantly improved. According to the results, the best amount of palm frond fibers that can be add to concrete is 0.75% by volume.
Friction welding method is one of the most efficient and effective techniques for joining similar and dissimilar materials. The AISI 304 austenitic stainless-steel is a most common type of austenitic stainless steel which is used in various practical applications like automotive, food manufacturing, chemical applications, etc. Therefore, the impact strength and microstructure behavior of friction welded AISI 304 austenitic stainless-steel joints were investigated. The specimens were divided into two groups, the surface of the first group was flat while the interface of the second group was designed by fabricating a pin and hole. The effect of different forging pressure (192.4, 240.5, 288.6 and 384.8 MPa) on impact toughness and microstructure behavior of AISI 304 were examined using Charpy impact tester and optical microscope, respectively. The minimum impact strength was observed at 240.5 MPa for flat interface samples whereas, the maximum impact strength value (0.5675 J/mm2) was at 388.6 MPa forging pressure for pin interface samples. In addition, the ductile mode in pin type for all cases while both, brittle and ductile mode in the flat joint was noticed. Finally, it was concluded that the impact strength improved with designing a pin and hole shape at the joint interface.