Matrix converters (MCs) have attracted significant interest and found extensive applications across multiple industries owing to their desirable characteristics. These include the capability to produce sinusoidal currents at both input and output, substantial size reduction, and enhanced reliability by minimizing significant passive components. This paper explores the potential of MC technology as a viable alternative to conventional AC-DC-AC converters in industrial applications. It discusses recent advancements in MC structural configurations, modulation/control algorithms, and multiphase structures and control systems. The paper offers an in-depth review of modern industrial uses of MC technology. It also delves into different methods for managing induction motors, particularly the DTC (Direct Torque Control) approach. The study explores the intricacies of DTC and its relationship with SVM. The primary research objective is to examine the performance of an IM when operated with an SVPWM inverter, focusing on harmonic analysis of voltages and currents. Various PWM methods regulate the voltage and frequency supplied to the IM. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and SVPWM are the two most commonly used 3-phase Voltage Source Inverter strategies. The growing adoption of SVPWM is driven by its ability to reduce harmonic content in voltage and enhance the fundamental output voltage of the IM. Consequently, this study models a DTC-SVM theory-driven IM using MATLAB/SIMULINK to control the speed of induction motors. The following values were calculated for the system: Quality factor=2.236, Damping ratio=4.45, and the cut-off frequency (fc=355.88H).
The detection of faults in electronic circuits is crucial to ensure the proper performance and reliability of electronic applications that utilize these devices. This work discovers, for the first time, that a direct tester board for fault diagnosis can be used not only for the intended measurement of current and voltage but also for studying the potential development of these magnitudes in inaccessible locations, as it detects register transfer level signals through oscilloscopes with low acquisition speeds. The experimental analysis carried out combines the use of commercial software with spatial distribution tracking and the exploitation of the sizes of network links in their computer graphical representation. The proper detection of malfunctions in electronic systems is crucial for enhancing their performance and reliability. We intend to explore the troubleshooting of analog electronic systems, for which we use wide-band direct tester boards. To evaluate its performance in routine practice, we perform experimentation using two different analog circuits designed. They consist of conventional operational amplifiers and element modeling based on equivalent resistance-capacitance networks. Given the procedure followed, commercial programs were used. Special mention should be made of the conclusion matrix, which is interesting when selecting suitable diagnostic parameters. The effectiveness of direct measurement based on integrated probes in the two projects, which allowed for fault insertion, was also confirmed. The results and discussions were enriched by the summarized experimental test report. The work concludes with a reflection on the relationship between this work and the existing state of the art, as well as the new challenges posed by international researchers.
The role of strategic planning is particularly important in the development of trends graphic appropriate in the distribution of land uses for the city according to their importance and role in the development of the city. From this standpoint the idea of search to give the application of an analytical about how to adopt him graphical to insert the style of strategic planning and steps concatenated to give the relative importance of the distribution of applications and their role in the city's development in the future. two methods have been used in research assays are the factor analysis for the purpose of diagnosis and urban style quartet analysis SWOT developer + AHP for the purpose of determining the development priorities of the city and graphic orientation. Search concluded the conclusions and recommendations of the group serve the decision-makers and planners note that the study area to a city in Anbar province, Iraq (HIT) as a case study.
This paper investigates the possibility of strengthening Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams under pure torsion loadings. The torsional behaviour of strengthened RC beams with near-surface mounted steel and CFRP bars was investigated. The verification with the experimental work was performed to ensure the validity and accuracy which revealed a good agreement through the torque-rotation relationship, ultimate torque, and rotation, and crack pattern. This numerical study included testing of thirteen specimens (one of them was control beams while the remaining 12 were strengthened beams) with several parameters such as mounting spacing and configuration. The analytical results revealed that the addition of NSM rebar redistributed the internal stresses and enhanced the ultimate torsional strength, torque-rotation capacity, ductility, and energy absorption of the concrete beams. Most of the strengthened beams revealed the appearance of the cracks at a phase less than the reference beam by an average of (9%). Concerning the NSM strengthening, the CFRP bars provided a higher enhancement ratio when compared with the beams that strengthened with NSM steel rebar especially for the strengthening space equal to 130 mm and more. The ultimate torsional strength increased by (3.5%) and rotation decreased by (4%) approximately when the steel rebar was replaced by the carbon bar. The ductility and energy absorption of the analysed beams showed that the strengthening enhanced the ductility of the twisted beams. The ductility values varied according to the method of strengthening used, as it showed the highest values of the beam that was strengthened small spacing.
The purposes of planning for housing and solve the housing problem of the most important topics in studies of housing also it is one of the topics broad and complex, and that the planned housing in accordance with the cost and social benefit is the solution to reduce the heights fantasy of the costs of housing. Also its negative effects on the process of housing where most of Iraq's society of the middle class is needed to adequate housing with income, especially if we consider that there is a deficit of housing dramatically in Iraq. Which is estimated at more than three million housing units and offset by a significant decrease in the rates of housing construction, also which are led to the worsening problem of housing in the country, especially those with low income, so it requires the parties responsible speed up the adoption of the strategy to solve the problem of housing in the country adopt the principle of the establishment of residential low-cost through the adoption of residential buildings, multistorey (3-4) stories as characterized by the buildings of the densities of housing appropriate of effective use with economic land and reduce the costs of housing to meet the large deficit and demand residentialdemand. In order to reach the desired goal has been studied and the reality of the housing in Ramadi in the, Ta'meem, 5 km and the 7 km areas and limited the problems of constraints related with planning housing also its components as well as access to some of the experiences of countries in planning, housing and solving the housing crisis within finding the alternatives to some traditional building materials with finding teams cost whenusingthesealternatives. Also supports research field study of three residential compounds, which aims at evaluating the appropriateness of such style housing and how to achieve social benefits and meet the standards of planning and design proposed in the scheme of public housing in Iraq which have been using the method (analysis of cost - benefit) for the trade-off to choose the best alternative of residential complexes three (and low cost, Ta'meem, the 7 km), which achieves less expensive and better utility.
This paper presents a nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete beams subjected to pure torsion. A verification procedure was performed on three specimens by finite element analysis using ANSYS software. The verification with the experimental work revealed a good agreement through the torque-rotation relationship, ultimate torque, rotation, and crack pattern. The studied parameters of strengthening by CFRP sheets included strengthening configurations and number of CFRP layers. The confinement configuration methods included full wrapping sheet around the beam, U-shaped sheet, ring strips spaced at either 65 or 130 mm, longitudinal strips at the top and bottom faces, U-shaped strips in addition to the number of layers variable. It was found that the performance of the beam for resisting a torsional force was improved by (33-49%) depending on the method of coating with CFRP sheets and the number of used layers. A change in the angle of twist, as well as the shape of the spread of cracks, was also noticed from the predicted results.
The increase in traffic volumes at intersections is one of the important problems that makes difficulties in the traffic movement then leads to traffic congestion in these facilities.The objective of the present study is improvement the traffic operation of the selected intersection (Al-Zeoat intersection) in Al-Ramadi city by analysis and evaluation this intersection and using accepted solutions to improve the traffic operation of Al-Zeoat intersection under local exist conditions and present a best proposal to enhance the performance at the intersection.To achieve these objectives, the traffic volumes data collection and geometric layout for Al-Zeoat intersection that required for the traffic and geometrical analysis were gathered manually, while SIDRA traffic program is used for the requirements of traffic analysis process.
The development of cities in the infrastructure and urbanization and the increase in the population make people increase in the purchase of the private car, which in turn causes the congestion , pollution , accident and noise especially after 2003, as Iraq's import of cars increased to 5,800,000 cars distributed between the provinces, as 3Anbar province ranked ninth in the development number of cars with 174,000 cars according to the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Ministry of Planning. The university is the largest governmental institution that has the largest traffic volume of vehicles. We have three directions for entering the Anbar university they are east, middle and west directions. Total traffic volume from east, middle and west direction is 2165 vehicles which lead to traffic congestion in Ramadi city and Anbar university. The total traffic volume in private transportation in east, middle and west direction is 727,515 and 923 vehicles respectively. No of students in private transportation in east, middle and west direction is 4617, 3185 and3985 passengers respectively. As results of this research, there are three proposed parks one of them in the Sujaria at east direction, second park in Ramadi center at middle direction and third park in 5km area at west direction. In this paper, we make comparing between private and public transport in terms of fuel costs and time from the origin (the three proposed parks) to destination (Anbar University) assuming that private cars stopped in those three parks by using Park & Ride System and used buses with capacity of 40 passengers to transport students to the university. Depending on no. of passengers in private transportation from the three proposed parks to university we got the No. of buses from east park (Sujaria area), middle park (Ramadi center) and west park (7km area) to university which were 28, 20 and 25 bus respectively because each bus can transport four times.
In this research, the effect of adding fillings of steel resulting from factory of smithery was studied. The fiber was added with two different percentages to the ordinary and polymer concrete to study their effects on some of the properties of both type of concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength and density. Two different percentages of fiber by volume of concrete (0.5%, 1.0%) were added to concrete mixes. A reference mix was also made. The results showed that adding of fillings of steel with these percentages lead to improvements in both compressive strength and flexural strength of polymer concrete with the increase of its percentage while it's less effect on these properties of ordinary concrete. An improvement in flexural strength appeared more clearly in both type of concrete. Significant increase in density was noted in both types of concrete.
In geotechnical engineering, considered the seepage of water that occur through the soil medium is one of the important problems that must be accurately studied; therefor, knowledge of influencing factors on the value of seepage for the soil is a necessary when designing an earth dam. In this study seepage through Al-Wand dam was analyze by using SEEP/W model. It is a sub- program of Geo- Studio where it used to determine amount of seepage through the body of the dam and study the effect of the change of thickness of core and effect of construction without filter in amount of leakage. The results were that the quantity of leakage was small effected when reducing the thickness of core and when construct the Al-Wand dam without filter at different level of water in upstream.
Determinations of unsaturated soil parameters using experimental procedures are time consuming and difficult. In recent years, the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) has become an important tool in the interpretation of the engineering behavior of unsaturated soils. Difficulties associated with determining such parameters have justified the use of indirect determination. This paper presents the general nature of the SWCC for soils with different plasticity limits, index and gradation, in terms of gravimetric water content and degree of saturation versus soil matric suction from Anbar governorate. In order to investigate possible relationships between the plasticity limits, index, percent passing no.200 and SWCC, 7 type of soils were tested to find its SWCC experimentally and compared the result with the curves obtained from different model presented in the literature. The objectives of the paper were to check the validity of these models with the experimental results. The results shows a good agreement and to present a simple method for inferring the SWCC for soils, taking into account the liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index and percent of fines passing sieve no.200.
Our project was divided into two distinct sections, circuit transmitting and receiving ultrasoundWave Based on Laser Light. A Wien Bridge and a Triangle Wave Oscillators used to obtain a sineand a triangular wave, respectively. A comparator circuit which produces Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) that has the same frequency for triangle wave. The PWM was used to drive laserdiode that produced laser light through by MOSFET transistor and received this light by receivingcircuit which consists of a photodiode with resistor as a voltage divider, amplifier circuit to amplifythe signal and filter to get any desired frequency. The main objective of this project primarilywas to realize a transmission-reception system to transfer ultrasound Frequency via Laser withouta guiding medium, using modulation with little quality loss.
An experimental investigation as well as nonlinear analysis is carried out in this paper to study the behavior of polymer members (Epoxy & Polyester) under direct tension. The ANSYS model accounts for nonlinear phenomenon, such as, Tension Softening Material (TSM) and Enhanced Multilinear Isotropic Softening (EMIS) models. The polymer specimens are modeled using PLANE82 element – eight node plane element – eight node plane element, which is capable of simulating the failure behavior of polymer material members. The intention of this paper is thereby to discuss the proposed softening models to validate the complete Stress-Strain and Load-Deflection response of prismatic specimens subjected to uniaxial tension. The outcomes from the verifications of both modeling techniques have shown good agreement with the experimental results obtained from literature.
The white cement Kiln dust (WCKD) is a secondary production from the cement industry through its production operation. Environmentally, it is considered as an unwanted waste because it causes air pollution and ground congealment, and it is needed great efforts and financial support to disposal it. In this study, the WCKD was used partially instead of limestone as a filler in the asphalt mix, where it was used by ratios of 0%,25%,50%,75% and 100% from the weight of limestone. An evaluation of the mechanical characteristics was conducted by carrying out Marshall test and Indirect Tensile test, and the results showed that the increase in the WCKD percent reduces the asphalt mix density and increases the percentage of air voids, while the other characteristics (stability, Marshall Stiffness, flow and Indirect Tensile Strength) increase when the WCKD ratio is 25% and 50%. These those characteristics start decreasing when the WCKD ratio was 75% and 100%. The study showed that the optimum ratio of the WCKD is 50% from the limestone weight, and the WCKD cannot be used as a filler entirely in asphalt mix, but it can be used partially.