Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences
type: channel
description: Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences (AJES) is a half-annual journal with the goal of providing an international platform for the exchange of analytical, numerical, and experimental studies in all disciplines of engineering sciences. It accepts unique research papers of high quality from contributors all over the world. Every paper is subjected to a peer review process. Accepted paper types include: Original research articles Review articles Open Access Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences is committed to open access and all content is freely available to all.
publisher: University of Anbar
language: en
publication name: Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences
issn: 1997-9428
items: Variation of the heavy metals concentration in some wells and springs water between Haditha dam and the site of Al Baghdadi dam (west Iraq)
items: Latency Budgeting of Dynamic Cloud Radio Access Network
items: Influence Study of the Antimony Element Sb on the Tribological and Mechanical characteristics of the Al-11% Si Alloy
items: Unsaturated Soil Behavior: Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) Review Study
items: Performance of Geopolymer Concrete Based on Fly Ash Materials Exposed to Freezing and Thawing Cycle
items: Challenges and Prospects of Nanoscale MOSFET Scaling: A Review
items: Advances in Composite Materials: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications in Various Industries, A Review
items: Advancements in Image Processing: Deep Learning Approaches for Efficient Image Deblurring and Super-Resolution Applications
items: Strength and Behavior of Light Weight Concrete Specimens Confined by Carbon Fibers
items: Heat Transfer and Flow Behavior in Porous Media: A Review
items: Numerical and Experimental Investigations on Hydrothermal Characteristics of Turbulent Flow in Channel with Circular Turbulators
items: Evaluating Traffic Delay at Urban Intersections: Field Measurements vs. VISSIM Modeling (Barzani Namr Ring Road, Erbil)
items: Smart Surveillance of Waste Disposal Sites Using Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence System for Public Health Safety
items: Design of RF Power Amplifier Techniques for 5G and Beyond Communication Systems: A Review
items: Influence of Inner Cylinder Rotation and Eccentricity on Convective Heat Transfer in Power-Law Non-Newtonian Flow within Annular Cylinders
items: Assessment of Flow Velocity and Its Effects on and Network Efficiency by WaterGEMS and GIS Case Study of Ramadi City
items: Laboratory Characterization of Asphalt Binders Modified with Waste Engine Oil (WEO) and Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM)
items: Bubble Deck Slabs: An Innovative Structural System for Sustainable Construction - A Review
items: OPTIMUM DESIGN OF BUTTRESS DAM USING GENETIC ALGORITHM
items: Sustainable Technology In The Implementation Of Prefabricated Concrete Schools
items: Improving the Irrigation Systems for the Fallujah Irrigation Projects by Using Water Evaluation and Planning Model (WEAP)
items: Use of waste stone powder to improve performance of problematic soils - A Review.
items: Direct Algorithm for Computation of Inverse Real Fast Fourier Transform (IRDFT)
items: Effect of Cross- Rolling on Mechanical Properties and Spring - Back of Aluminum 6061 Alloy
items: Investigation of Surface Quality in Bezier Technique for Machining Al7025 Alloy Using CNC Turning
items: Sustainable Management of Water Resources in The Upper Euphrates Basin-Iraq
items: Performance Study of Fluent-2D and Flow-3D Platforms in the CFD Modeling of a Flow Pattern Over Ogee Spillway
items: A Review on Recent Techniques for Boiler Tubes Corrosion Protection and Fouling Mitigation Using PLC
items: Numerical study of thermal comfort levels in a conference hall
items: Characterization of Rotary Friction Welded AISI 304 Steel Joints

Variation of the heavy metals concentration in some wells and springs water between Haditha dam and the site of Al Baghdadi dam (west Iraq)
type: item
description: The study area is located between latitude 33° 51.9 -34° 19 and latitudes 42° 15.83 to 42° 40.3 in the northwest part of the Governorate of Anbar. The research focuses upon the analysis of Heavy Metal variation between the dam of Haditha and the dam of Al Baghdadi in (8) wells and (4) springs. Nine heavy metals, including Zn2+, Fe2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, B2+and As2+, were analyzed for the wells and springs samples in August 2019 and March 2020. Present study shows a spatial and temporal change in heavy metals, whereas all well samples did not exceed allowable limits suggested by WHO and IQS. A major source of High values of heavy metals in some water samples of springs may be due to the effects of Agriculture, Fertilizers, pesticides and fish lake. The results also show a variation in the depth and source of wells, reflected by different co-existing sources. In addition to some human activities, which raise the level of concentrations.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Heavy metals
  topic: keywords
subject: Haditha
  topic: keywords
subject: springs
  topic: keywords
subject: Wells and Human activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Kamal.B. A-Paruany
creator: Abdulhameed.A Al-Hadithy
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2021-11-15
publication date: 2021-11-15
starting page: 121
ending page: 129
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2021.171167

Latency Budgeting of Dynamic Cloud Radio Access Network
type: item
description: 5G networks aim to improve capacity, reliability, and energy efficiency while reducing latency and increasing connection density. A vital goal is enabling real time communication, which demands extremely low latency, particularly within Dynamic Cloud Radio Access Network (DC-RAN) architectures designed for high coverage density. The FrontHaul (FH) link is a critical component for achieving this, as different FH technologies directly impact performance, latency and coverage in dense areas. This paper focuses on latency budgeting within a DC—RAN, analysing how FH technologies – millimetre wave (mmWave), optical fiber; and Free Space Optics (FSO) – affect overall End-to-End delay (E2E) and Round-Trip Time (RTT). By calculating the propagation and processing delays for various cell types, the analysis provides a comparative performance evaluation. The key finding is that, while processing delay dominates the total latency, the choice of FH link significantly influences performance and practicality. mmWave and FSO are suitable for short-range, dense deployments, whereas optical fiber offers stable, low latency over longer distances. Thus, the optimal FH selection depends on specific network objectives, including coverage, density, and weather conditions; toward meeting Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) targets.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: 5g Network
  topic: keywords
subject: DC-RAN
  topic: keywords
subject: mmWave
  topic: keywords
subject: Optical Fiber
  topic: keywords
subject: Fiberless Optics
  topic: keywords
subject: Latency Budget
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Basim K. J. Al-Shammari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 213
ending page: 224
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-036

Influence Study of the Antimony Element Sb on the Tribological and Mechanical characteristics of the Al-11% Si Alloy
type: item
description: Aluminum alloys are widely used in various industrial applications due to their low weight and favorable mechanical properties. Consequently, extensive research has been conducted to further enhance these properties. In this study, the Al-11%Si alloy was modified by adding varying amounts of antimony (Sb) metal powder: (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 wt %), to enhance the mechanical characteristics including the tribological and tensile behavior. The mechanical properties of the modified alloys were thoroughly evaluated. The optimal mechanical performance was achieved with the addition of 0.3% and 0.4% Sb. The casting process involved melting a measured amount of the Al-11%Si alloy at 720 °C in an electric furnace. Antimony powder was then introduced into the melt, which was stirred at 250 r.p.m. for 5 minutes at three stages to form a vortex and ensure uniform dispersion of the modifier. The melt temperature was carefully monitored and controlled using a thermocouple before being poured into a carbon steel mold. Several tests were conducted on the modified alloys, including microstructural analysis, hardness, tensile strength, surface roughness, and wear resistance assessments. The addition of the antimony element (Sb) was found to significantly refine the microstructure and transform the morphology of silicon particles from a flake-like or lamellar form to a more fibrous structure. Furthermore, Sb additions of 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% wt improved micro hardness (Hv), yield strength (YS), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), while simultaneously reducing surface roughness (Ra) and wear-rate (Wr).
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Aluminum-11% Si Alloy
  topic: keywords
subject: Tribology and Mechanical Properties
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimony Element Sb
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Bilal Ahmed Hbeeb
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 202
ending page: 212
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-035

Unsaturated Soil Behavior: Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) Review Study
type: item
description: The basic correlation that determines the mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of unsaturated soils is the Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC). Critical synthesis The present review brings forth the latest developments in SWCC modeling, measurement and application, with a more specific interest in determining the factors that question the financial forecasting properties of current simple models, especially with dynamic environmental circumstances. In our analysis, we have found that current empirical models are frequently ineffective because they lack the explicit ability to integrate the complex/coupled nature of microstructural properties (e.g., fractal geometry and nano-porosity) and compositional differences (e.g., organic matter). More so, the synthesis shows that there is a fundamental conflict in modeling, whereas the more intricate a conventional empirical model gets, the less accurate it becomes, whereas sophisticated data-driven methods such as Deep Learning are much more effective at making predictions. As a consequence, this review confirms that one of the main future research needs should be the creation of coherent constitutive models that will combine mechanistic controls (fractal theory) and advanced AI prediction. Most importantly, the implications in practice reveal that the neglect of such coupled considerations directly compromises the validity of long-term geotechnical performance forecasts, that is, in relation to slope stability and foundation resilience to moisture changes caused by climate change. The review gives the conclusion by recommending that laboratory results should be immediately validated at a field scale to bring together the gap between theory and engineering design.
subject: Review Paper
  topic: section
subject: Unsaturated soil
  topic: keywords
subject: SWCC
  topic: keywords
subject: Determining methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Muhj Molod
creator: Mohammed K. Faris
creator: Abdulrahman Aldaood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 191
ending page: 201
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-026

Performance of Geopolymer Concrete Based on Fly Ash Materials Exposed to Freezing and Thawing Cycle
type: item
description: This paper deals with the behaviour of waste pozzolanic materials, such as fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), rice husk ash (RHA) and burnt brick powder (BBP)-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) under a repeated freezing and thawing cycles. The study focuses on the impact of curing regimes (24 h, 48 h, 7 d and 28 d) and exposure to 25 and 35 F-T cycles on the mechanical and durability characteristics of GPC. In recent literature, analytical and numerical work has shown that micro-crack evolution and interconnected pores dictate the degradation of strength under cyclic freezing but limited experimental data are available for waste-based GPC systems. The concretes were mixed into specimen and cured at $60^{\circ}\text{C}$ in an oven for 24 h and tested according to standard F-T testing (ASTM C666). It was found that the loss in strength up to 35 cycles did not go beyond 18 %, and residual compressive strength was higher than 80% of original one, passing durability criteria according to ASTM C666 or EN 12390-9. The relationship between the strengths in compression and tensile strength, both of F-T aged and natural samples, were roughly linear ( $R^{2}\approx0.85).$ Deeper potassium hydroxide activation and the enrichment of RHA and BBP in the AC enhanced the porosity while decreasing the mass yields, as compared with previous results. These findings demonstrate the potential uses of waste-based geopolymer concretes as environmentally friendly and frost-resistant substitutes for ordinary Portland cement in construction in sub-arctic environment.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Geopolymer concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: fly ash
  topic: keywords
subject: freeze-thaw durability
  topic: keywords
subject: compressive strength
  topic: keywords
subject: flexural strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ahmed Fadhil
creator: Dilshad kakasor Jaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 166
ending page: 177
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-020

Challenges and Prospects of Nanoscale MOSFET Scaling: A Review
type: item
description: The nonstop scaling of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) is considered a driving force in semiconductor technology, allowing higher integration densities, enhanced performance, and reduced power consumption. However, fundamental challenges arise as device dimensions shrink to the nanoscale, such as short-channel effects, threshold voltage variation, leakage currents, and gate oxide tunneling. This study critically surveys these scaling limitations and shows potential solutions, such as high-k gate dielectrics, metal gate integration, and novel device architectures. Other transistor designs, including FinFETS, Gate-All-Around (GAA) transistors, and emerging beyond-CMOS devices, are assessed for their potential to extend Moore's Law. This study also addresses advancements in materials, including two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and carbon-based nanostructures, that offer promising substitutes to conventional silicon technology. Regardless of these innovations, significant obstacles remain in achieving fabrication, reliability, and cost-effectiveness at sub-5nm nodes. This review paper provides insights into current progress and future guide for nanoscale MOSFET development, comprehensively assessing the challenges and opportunities in next-generation transistor technology. The findings aim to guide researchers and industry professionals toward sustainable semiconductor scaling approaches.
subject: Review Paper
  topic: section
subject: High k dielectrics
  topic: keywords
subject: MOSFETS
  topic: keywords
subject: Short Channel Effect
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanoelectronics
  topic: keywords
subject: Scaling Topologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ahmed S. Al-Jawadi
creator: Mohammad Tariq Yaseen
creator: Qais Thanon Najim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 117
ending page: 128
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-018

Advances in Composite Materials: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications in Various Industries, A Review
type: item
description: This review presents a comprehensive study on composites with particular interest in various synthesis techniques, advanced characterizations, and wide industrial applications. The survey includes such time categories of composites as polymer matrix (PMCs), metal matrix (MMCs), ceramic matrix carbides (CMCs), and nanocomposites, and describes the mechanical behavior and the advantages of their structural performance. The paper focuses on the development of fundamental manufacturing processes such as hand lay-up, filament winding, and additive manufacturing. It also describes different techniques of characterization of the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of them. Interest in the use of nanocomposites is also increasing due to their high surface area and excellent performance, which could be suitable for high-temperature and light engineering applications. Moreover, this review highlights the industrial relevance of composites, which have been extensively utilized in aerospace, automobile, marine, and civil infrastructure applications. It also solves key recyclability and environmental sustainability challenges. Finally, the paper highlights transient progress in composites as a fundamental material of new generation high-performance technologies and identifies some research gaps, but possible ways for progress towards sustainable innovation.
subject: Review Paper
  topic: section
subject: Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanocomposites
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Sustainability in Composites
  topic: keywords
subject: Materials Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: M.J. Aljumaili
creator: Abbas H. Faris
creator: Omar A. Alwash
creator: Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 143
ending page: 165
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-019

Advancements in Image Processing: Deep Learning Approaches for Efficient Image Deblurring and Super-Resolution Applications
type: item
description: The paper concentrates on the latest developments in the field of deep-learning-based image deblurring and specifically, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and how they are able to be used to deblur images. It discusses the different forms of blur such as motion blur, out-of-focus blur, and mixed blur and compares these methods under the basis of blind and non-blind methods. The article sheds light on the various architecture and model design, loss functions, and performance indicators applied in image deblurring. Moreover, it draws attention to the issues that are presently observed in the sphere and gives possible path directions of the future research. The review has condensed and synthesized existing literature to provide a clear overview of the current solutions in image deblurring and offers guidance to the researchers on how to come up with the more precise, efficient, and adaptive methods of deblurring. The developments are meant to enhance the use of image restoration techniques in practical applications and this will lead to the quality and reliability of deblurring processes.
subject: Review Paper
  topic: section
subject: Image Processing.
  topic: keywords
subject: Image Deblurring
  topic: keywords
subject: Motion Blur
  topic: keywords
subject: Convolutional Neural Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Blind Deblurring
  topic: keywords
subject: Loss Functions
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Computer Engineering and IT
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mohanad A. Al-Askari
creator: S A Fedosin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 129
ending page: 142
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-028

Strength and Behavior of Light Weight Concrete Specimens Confined by Carbon Fibers
type: item
description: This paper investigates ultimate strength of lightweight concrete specimens: cubes, cylinders, and prisms wrapped by different layers CFRP respect to several curing periods. The specimens were prepared and tested under compressive and flexural loading at the ages of 7 days and 28 days with varying confinement levels (from unconfined; 0L to double-layer of CFRP, i.e., 2L). The results showed that all three factors: confinement level, specimen geometry and curing age had a significant effect on both compressive strength as well as flexural strength. Indigenous soft soil was wrapped with various CFRP wraps to study the change in failure mode from brittle to ductile with an increase in confinement and two-layer WR-CFRPs exhibited the maximum gains in compressive and flexure-up to 48% compressive, 380% of flexural strength when compared with unconfined specimens. Cylindrical samples prove always more pronounced strengthening effect than cubes, probably because of having a more even stress field and less influence to the corner effects. Besides, the confinement effect became more significant when specimens were left to cure for 28 days, highlighting initiation of concrete maturity requirement for best CFRP development. The findings indicated that early-age confinement (7-day, 2L) achieved strength equal or superior to shear-critical fully cured unconfined specimens, and confirmed the potential of CFRP in emergency repair and retrofitting. However, the ultimate strengths were the best when using both multi-layer CFRP confinement and full curing. These results highlight the synergistic relationship between geometry optimization, curing regimen and advanced fiber reinforcements in enhancing the structural response of lightweight concrete structure.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: CFRP confinement
  topic: keywords
subject: lightweight concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: compressive strength
  topic: keywords
subject: flexural strength
  topic: keywords
subject: specimen geometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Karwan mohammed
creator: Dilshad kakasor Jaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 178
ending page: 190
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-021

Heat Transfer and Flow Behavior in Porous Media: A Review
type: item
description: Heat transfer through porous media has gained considerable interest in recent years due to its ability to enhance the thermal performance in various engineering applications. There are two key advantages of using porous materials. First, the effective heat dissipation surface area is larger than that of traditional solid fins, which intensifies convective heat transfer. Second, the irregular motion of fluid around the internal porous structure improves mixing, promoting greater thermal uniformity by breaking the boundary layer and generating vortices, while in contrast, there is a drop in the pressure of the working fluid. This review provides a structured overview of the developments in heat transfer within porous media, focusing on two categories of working fluids: conventional fluids and nanofluids. Each category is further classified according to the flow regime involved: natural, forced and mixed convection. For conventional fluids, porous structures demonstrate considerable improvements in Nusselt number and thermal efficiency in compact heat exchangers and flow channels. For nanofluids, enhanced thermal conductivity and the possibility of coupling with magnetic fields (MHD) show promising results, especially under forced and mixed convection conditions. The findings from this review reveal that while both conventional and nanofluid systems benefit from the use of porous media, nanofluids exhibit superior heat transfer capabilities when properly optimized. Additionally, the effectiveness of porous media strongly depends on geometric properties, porosity, flow regime, and thermal boundary conditions. This paper offers a comparative understanding of these systems and identifies potential directions for future research in advanced thermal system design.
subject: Review Paper
  topic: section
subject: Porous media
  topic: keywords
subject: Heat transfer
  topic: keywords
subject: Metal foam
  topic: keywords
subject: Porosity
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanofluids
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ibrahim K. Alabdaly
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 66
ending page: 86
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-022

Numerical and Experimental Investigations on Hydrothermal Characteristics of Turbulent Flow in Channel with Circular Turbulators
type: item
description: In this study, turbulent flow and heat transfer in a two-dimensional channel equipped with adiabatic circular turbulators were investigated both experimentally and numerically for Reynolds numbers of 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000. Three turbulator configurations were considered, involving one, two, and three identical turbulators, each with a diameter of $D=3$ mm and a uniform spacing of $SL=30$ mm, positioned at the channel centerline. The governing continuity, momentum, and energy equations were discretized using the finite volume method and solved iteratively using the SIMPLE algorithm. Turbulence effects were modeled using the low-Reynolds-number k-ε turbulence model. The influence of Reynolds number and turbulator count on the friction factor, average Nusselt number, entropy generation, and hydrothermal performance factor was analyzed. Results revealed that increasing the number of turbulators significantly enhances heat transfer and alters flow behavior. Both the average Nusselt number, friction factor, and entropy generation increased with turbulator number. The configuration with three turbulators demonstrated the highest hydrothermal performance, achieving a maximum performance factor of approximately 1.58 at $Re=2000$. The numerical results showed good agreement with experimental data, which also employed varying numbers of circular turbulators.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Circular turbulators
  topic: keywords
subject: Turbulence phenomena
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite volume approach
  topic: keywords
subject: Adiabatic turbulators
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Albashir A. Obeid
creator: M. A. Ahmed
creator: Mohd Zamri Yusoff
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 87
ending page: 101
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-006

Evaluating Traffic Delay at Urban Intersections: Field Measurements vs. VISSIM Modeling (Barzani Namr Ring Road, Erbil)
type: item
description: Urban traffic congestion remains a pressing challenge in Erbil, particularly at signalized intersections where delays contribute to fuel consumption, emissions, and commuter frustration. This study presents a calibrated microsimulation model using PTV VISSIM to replicate field-measured control delays at a key intersection in Erbil. Field data were collected through video-based observations and analyzed to establish baseline performance. The simulation was calibrated using manual adjustments to driver behavior and signal timing parameters, constrained by the student version of the software. The model's accuracy was evaluated through statistical comparison with field data. Results showed a strong correlation (R=0.938) and a high coefficient of determination (R2=0.879), indicating that nearly 88% of the variation in simulated delay could be explained by observed conditions. Error metrics further supported the model's reliability, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.31 seconds per vehicle, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 5.92 seconds, and GEH statistics consistently below 2, well within accepted thresholds for traffic modeling. While the study was limited to a single intersection due to software constraints, the findings offer practical insights for traffic engineers and policymakers. Recommendations include adopting adaptive signal control systems and integrating intelligent transportation technologies to improve intersection performance. Future research should expand the model to multiple intersections, incorporate real-time data, and explore environmental impacts. This study provides a localized, data-driven foundation for improving urban mobility in Erbil through simulation-based planning.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Transportation
  topic: keywords
subject: Delay
  topic: keywords
subject: VISSIM Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Ring Road
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Helen Sirwan Smail
creator: Aso Faiz Saeed Talabany
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 54
ending page: 65
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-015

Smart Surveillance of Waste Disposal Sites Using Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence System for Public Health Safety
type: item
description: Uncontrolled garbage disposal related to urban settings can be extremely harmful to the health of individuals as well as the environment. This paper proposes the construction of an intelligent surveillance system based on the YOLOv5 object detection model and an ultra-convolutional net (U-Net), which we will call (YOLOv5-U-Net model), capable of monitoring waste management facilities in real-time through image processing and artificial intelligence. An illustration of an intelligent surveillance system is provided in the following statement. Besides identifying different categories of garbage and possible risks to public health, the system can also identify situations of unsuitable accumulation of waste. For that purpose, to ensure that local authorities will act in due time, the framework integrates several technologies, including object detection algorithms, classification networks as well as real-time warning systems. It is through the amalgamation of these technologies. Testing of the prototype has elicited an outcome; that accuracy related to waste categorization has increased, while reaction times have decreased, all discovered due to prototype examination. Implementation of this strategy does not only increase the linkage between environmental monitoring as well as protection of public health but also gives some help in promoting a conscious urban development, right through ensuring health.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence System
  topic: keywords
subject: Image Processing
  topic: keywords
subject: Public health Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Smart Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: waste site
  topic: keywords
subject: Computer Engineering and IT
  topic: disciplines
creator: Hamid R. Alsanad
creator: Raghad Tariq Al_Hassani
creator: Ali Amer Alrawi
creator: Stevica Graovac
creator: Yousif Al Mashhadany
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 42
ending page: 53
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-008

Design of RF Power Amplifier Techniques for 5G and Beyond Communication Systems: A Review
type: item
description: This review article discussed power amplifiers in modern wireless transmission systems, clarifying the determinants and restrictions of the create of power amplifiers in 5G and beyond transmission systems. The important topics of power amplifier design were discussed, which included solid-state techniques contributing to building the basic building block of the amplifier, furthermore to techniques for building the electronic circuit topology, while clarifying the importance of techniques for improving efficiency and linearity. This paper contributed to highlighting optimization and manufacturing techniques, focusing on the determinants and advantages of each technology. And clarifying the research space for researchers with the aim of developing a power amplifier that is optimal for use in modern wireless communications systems.
subject: Review Paper
  topic: section
subject: Power Amplifier
  topic: keywords
subject: Device technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Electronic circuit topology
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Linearity
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ahmad A. Ismael
creator: Mohammad Tariq Yaseen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 102
ending page: 116
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-014

Influence of Inner Cylinder Rotation and Eccentricity on Convective Heat Transfer in Power-Law Non-Newtonian Flow within Annular Cylinders
type: item
description: The annular geometry with inner cylinder eccentricity and rotation is significant in many thermal and engineering fields, particularly with non-Newtonian fluid flows. A numerical analysis examines the effects of rotation and eccentricity of the inner cylinder on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluids within annular geometry under developing steady laminar flow. The computational model simulates non-Newtonian annular flow using a power-law viscosity model for generalized Reynolds numbers ($100\le Re_{g}\le1000$), flow behavior index ($0.2\le n\le0.8$) and Taylor number $Ta=10^{4}$ with radius ratio $r^{*}=0.5$. The simulation employs hydraulic and thermal boundary conditions, including an adiabatic outer cylinder and a constant temperature at the inner rotating cylinder, while the outer cylinder remains stationary. Results show that axial flow at $n=0.2$ exhibits lower flow resistance and enhances convective transport compared to higher $n=0.8,$ especially for the concentric case $(\epsilon=0)$. However, increasing eccentricity from $\epsilon=0.2$ to $\epsilon=0.6$ alters the heat transfer behavior, with $n=0.8$ yielding the highest Nusselt numbers at $\epsilon=0.6$, due to the strong secondary flows and intensified local acceleration in the narrow gap. These outcomes reveal that heat transfer enhancement is not solely governed by flow resistance but is also influenced by secondary flows, boundary layer stability, and localized acceleration effects.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluids
  topic: keywords
subject: Power-law model
  topic: keywords
subject: Laminar convective heat transfer
  topic: keywords
subject: eccentric circular annuli
  topic: keywords
subject: Inner cylinder rotation
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mohammed Y. Mahmood
creator: Waleed M. Abed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 24
ending page: 35
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-011

Assessment of Flow Velocity and Its Effects on and Network Efficiency by WaterGEMS and GIS Case Study of Ramadi City
type: item
description: The flow rate of water in a pipeline system significantly affects hydraulic efficiency, water quality, and infrastructure durability. This study examines flow velocity distribution in the water distribution network of Ramadi City, Iraq, using advanced modeling techniques with WaterGEMS and GIS. The field data was analyzed to identify areas with low flow velocities, which can cause sediment buildup and bacterial growth. Our findings show that about 28.57% of the network has velocities below $0.5\text{ m/s},$ indicating limited connections and higher pressure in these pipelines. Meanwhile, 48.98% of the network operates within the optimal range of 0.5 to $2.0\text{ m/s},$ while 22.45% exceeds $2.0\text{ m/s},$ which can lead to pressure loss and pipe deterioration. Low average daily demand results in moderate flow speeds in some pipelines, increasing the risk of stagnation and negatively impacting water quality. Maintaining adequate flow rates is crucial for protecting water quality and ensuring efficient operations. This study highlights how integrating GIS with WaterGEMS can improve the assessment of water distribution infrastructure issues.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: velocity
  topic: keywords
subject: Water distribution network
  topic: keywords
subject: WaterGEMS
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Qanat H. Abdul - Hadi
creator: Khamis N. Sayl
creator: Ammar A. Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 36
ending page: 41
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-012

Laboratory Characterization of Asphalt Binders Modified with Waste Engine Oil (WEO) and Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM)
type: item
description: Bitumen is a standard material for road infrastructure that is black in color, sticky, and thermoplastic in nature. It is well-known for its many applications. Due to rising traffic, global warming, and the constant introduction of new pavement varieties, forecasting road life has become increasingly complex in recent years. At the same time, a significant quantity of vehicle tires and waste engine oil (WEO) from different cars are dumped into the environment as hazardous waste. Additionally, it has been challenging to manage heavy metals and the substantial costs associated with their sustainable treatment. Therefore, this study looks at how Waste Engine Oil (WEO) and Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM) affect the characteristics of PEN60-70 asphalt binder. The asphalt binder has been subjected to several tests at different temperatures due to the use of various concentrations of CRM and WEO. To reduce the usage of virgin bitumen (VB) and make bitumen a sustainable material, this study investigates modified bitumen using a waste crumb rubber modifier (CRM) combined with WEO. These WEO concentrations (5% and 10%) and CRM concentrations (0%, 4%, 8%, and 12%) were used in the characterization of modified bitumen, and then the characteristics of virgin and modified bitumen were compared. According to the study, adding WEO to CRM-modified binders reduces softening points by increasing penetration, as well as viscosity and workability, while CRM enhances rutting resistance. Nevertheless, the incorporation of WEO has a detrimental effect on the binder's ability to resist rutting. The study's findings also indicate that the use of WEO and CRM can enhance the resilience of asphalt mixtures to low-temperature cracking. According to the study's findings, adding WEO to co-modify CRM binders significantly reduced their softening point and viscosity values, making them easier to work with. Ultimately, the modified asphalt was found to exhibit positive rheological and physical modificati…
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Asphalt Binder
  topic: keywords
subject: Crumb Rubber Modifier
  topic: keywords
subject: Rutting
  topic: keywords
subject: Viscosity
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste Engine Oil
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Atheer Muhammed Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 16
ending page: 23
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-010

Bubble Deck Slabs: An Innovative Structural System for Sustainable Construction - A Review
type: item
description: The Bubble Deck slab is an innovative construction technique that incorporates spherical plastic voids inside concrete slabs to diminish self-weight while preserving structural integrity. This technology reduces the amount of material used by a significant amount by carefully replacing non-structural concrete with voids, which results in cost savings and improved sustainability. The production of bubble deck slabs, their design principles, benefits, drawbacks, and new developments in their use are all covered in this review study. Particular emphasis is placed on their role in modern construction, highlighting their environmental benefits, ease of installation, and structural performance compared to conventional solid slabs. Additionally, the study also highlights critical research areas, including the interaction between voids and reinforcement, the slab's behavior under static and dynamic loading conditions, and its contribution to sustainable building practices. Bubble Deck slabs help make concrete production more sustainable by minimizing the total carbon impact, improving load distribution, and decreasing construction waste. Even with these limitations, recent progress in material science and computational modeling has strengthened their potential as a sustainable and efficient substitute for standard reinforced concrete slabs. The use of Bubble Deck technology is an important advancement in the direction of structural systems that are more efficient in their use of resources and that perform better, as construction practices continue to develop toward more environmentally friendly solutions.
subject: Review Paper
  topic: section
subject: Bubble deck slabs
  topic: keywords
subject: Concrete slabs
  topic: keywords
subject: Punching shear
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Void geometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ahmed A. Mohammed Ali
creator: Suhaib Y. Al-Darzi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 15
doi: 10.37649/AJES-25-009

OPTIMUM DESIGN OF BUTTRESS DAM USING GENETIC ALGORITHM
type: item
description: Designing large structures like dams requires carefully selecting various geometric, hydraulic, and structural characteristics. The required structural design and performance criteria are considered when selecting these characteristics. In order to find the best solution, a variety of restrictions must simultaneously be carefully taken into account. This study presents an effective method for determining the optimal shape design for concrete buttress dams. The research was divided into two crucial phases. The dam's initial design and subsequent modeling were mostly done using DIANA FEA and traditional design and stability analysis. After that, a genetic algorithm was used on the MATLAB platform to control optimizing the dam's shape. Three design factors were used in this phase to alter the goal function and to reduce the amount of Concrete used, which decreased project costs. These variables covered three areas of the buttress's cross-section. Two important limitations were scrutinized during this optimization process: establishing a safety margin against overtopping and preventing sliding. The analysis included a detailed assessment of Shear friction stability to complete a thorough stability study. The optimization efforts had a spectacular result, resulting in a significant 52.365% reduction in the total volume of Concrete used, dropping from 19147.5 cubic meters to 9122.55 cubic meters. This decrease was made possible by reducing three distinct components (X1, X2, X3), with respective proportions of 37.5%, 13.33%, and 30%, including two segments related to the buttress and the final segment linked (slab) to the strip footing.
subject: Review Paper
  topic: section
subject: genetic algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: Buttress dam
  topic: keywords
subject: FSO
  topic: keywords
subject: FSS
  topic: keywords
subject: Dams and Water Resources Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Noor ALBayati
creator: Chelang Arslan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
starting page: 40
ending page: 52
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2023.142965.1061

Sustainable Technology In The Implementation Of Prefabricated Concrete Schools
type: item
description: Prefabricated schools are educational structures of great significance and utility, especially given our country's current challenges. They expedite construction, reduce environmental impacts, and enhance educational activities with strong structural integrity and comfortable, flexible, and healthy design. A compelling comparison can be made with traditional concrete schools. With advancements in technology and information in engineering and the construction industry, Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has emerged, playing a vital role in prefabricated concrete engineering through 3D modeling simulations.Numerous challenges are encountered, such as meeting client requirements, project delays, cost overruns, quality issues, stakeholder conflicts, labor shortages, safety concerns, increased change orders, material wastage, and project complexity. Developed countries utilize BIM to mitigate these challenges and profoundly improve the AEC industry's performance. BIM tools provide a comprehensive building visualization, empowering stakeholders to make informed decisions that ensure efficiency, sustainability, and cost savings. These features motivate engineers and contractors to rely on them as essential engineering applications.This research involves modeling a school building in the Revit program, studying work flow between Revit and ETABS program, and conducting a dynamic analysis of the model from Revit. It also emphasizes the benefits of prefabricated construction and BIM technology, facilitated by Revit. The study emphasizes how important it is to visualize the building's actual form before beginning the design and decision-making processes.in summery, this study provides the possibility of growth and application in the industrialization of the construction industry and raise the project's overall quality. The development of tools and plugins programmed to reduce interoperability problems between various software packages allows for integrating all desi…
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable technology
  topic: keywords
subject: BIM technology
  topic: keywords
subject: prefabricated concrete schools
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mohammed Yaseen
creator: Mohammad Tahir
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
starting page: 53
ending page: 63
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2023.142849.1059

Improving the Irrigation Systems for the Fallujah Irrigation Projects by Using Water Evaluation and Planning Model (WEAP)
type: item
description: In this study, the water evaluation and planning WEAP model was used to improve the Fallujah irrigation project with 63,000 hectares and an annual budget get 1,476 million m3/ yiod (2020-2021). The results showed the total Water used was 1,272 million m3/year and equaled 86% of Fallujah irrigation budget. The annual production was 524.4 million Kg/year for Fallujah irrigation, and total economic returns were 393.6 million $/year. The study outlined two scenarios for enhancing the irrigation system. The first scenario entailed implementing a sprinkler irrigation system for wheat and barley across all projects. This resulted in a production increase from 524.4 to 625.7 million kilograms per year and a corresponding rise in economic returns from 393.6 to 427.2 million annually. In the second scenario, a sprinkler system was adopted for wheat and barley and a trickle system for other crops. This approach led to production growth from 524.4 to 1164.9 million kilograms per year and a surge in economic returns from 393.6 to 559.4 million annually.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Improve Irrigation Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Fallujah Irrigation Project
  topic: keywords
subject: WEAP-model
  topic: keywords
subject: WEAP-MABIA
  topic: keywords
subject: Dams and Water Resources Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Aya Hamdi
creator: Isam Abdulhameed
creator: Ibtihal Mawlood
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2023-11-01
publication date: 2023-11-01
starting page: 64
ending page: 75
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2023.144071.1063

Use of waste stone powder to improve performance of problematic soils - A Review.
type: item
description: Problematic soils, especially clayey soil, are problematic for engineering projects in their natural state because of clay's swell-shrinkage phenomenon. Numerous methods and stabilizer materials have been used to enhance clay's geotechnical properties and make them appropriate for construction. One of the significant methods of stabilization of problematic soil is using waste materials like waste glass, waste stone, waste plastic, etc. Due to the waste stone's consistency reducing water content and increasing the soil's strength, it has been employed in many civil engineering studies. Waste stone is available in various forms, including waste stone powder (WSP). WSP is produced by blasting tunnels or cutting huge stone blocks. Hence, the main aim of this study is to review the influence of WSP on improving the geotechnical properties of problematic soils treated with WSP, for this purpose, the treated problematic soils with various percentages of WSP are compared with natural soils. This study evaluates physical properties (i.e., Index properties, linear shrinkage/swelling, optimum moisture content, and maximum dry density) and mechanical properties (i.e., unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio). Also, the effect of WSP on decreasing the thickness of pavement layers was reviewed
subject: Review Paper
  topic: section
subject: Waste stone powder
  topic: keywords
subject: Problematic soil
  topic: keywords
subject: unconfined compressive strength
  topic: keywords
subject: California Bearing Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil improvement and stabilization
  topic: keywords
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jaylan Sherwany
creator: Jamal Kakrasul
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2023-11-01
publication date: 2023-11-01
starting page: 27
ending page: 39
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2023.142979.1062

Direct Algorithm for Computation of Inverse Real Fast Fourier Transform (IRDFT)
type: item
description: This paper proposes an efficient algorithm for fast computation of the inverse real-valued discrete Fourier transform (IRDFT) using the decimation in frequency (DIF) approach. The proposed algorithm represents a direct method with a new implementation for fast computing of IRDFT. The algorithm derivation is based on the basic principles of the Cooley-Tukey algorithm with the divide and conquer approach and utilizes the advantage of conjugate symmetric property for the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to remove all redundancies that appear when DFT deals with real data. The analyses of the proposed algorithm have shown that the arithmetic number has reached a minimum, therefore the structure of the developed algorithm possesses the desired properties such as regularity, simplicity, and in-place computation. The arithmetic complexity of this algorithm has been compared with the inverse FFT algorithm, and it was found that it needs the least number of multiplications and additions. The validity of the developed algorithm has been verified by reducing the peak-to-average power ratio PAPR in optical-OFDM systems compared with complex FFT. The simulation using MATLAB(R2021a) findings show that the RFFT O-OFDM system reduces PAPR more efficiently than the FFT O-OFDM system. The PAPR exhibits a reduction of approximately 2.4 to 2.75 dB when evaluated at a probability of occurrence of 10-1 in the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) plot.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT)
  topic: keywords
subject: Real-valued DFT(RDFT)
  topic: keywords
subject: Decimation in frequency(DIF)
  topic: keywords
subject: O-OFDM
  topic: keywords
subject: PAPR
  topic: keywords
subject: Communications Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: sukaina salih
creator: mounir hamood
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2023-11-15
publication date: 2023-11-15
starting page: 19
ending page: 27
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2023.142947.1060

Effect of Cross- Rolling on Mechanical Properties and Spring - Back of Aluminum 6061 Alloy
type: item
description: The Cross-Rolling (CR) process is a severe plastic deformation technique that was used to roll aluminum alloy 6061. However, this process is accompanied by many disadvantages, such as spring back due to elastic recovery. This research aims to investigate the effect of cross-rolling on the spring back phenomenon by examining the main parameters that affect the forming process. Two different routes of cross-rolling were used: the first route, called two-step cross-rolling (TSCR), and the second, multi-step cross-rolling (MSCR), were employed to achieve high deformation and superior mechanical properties. The samples were bent using the V-bending process at three different speeds (5, 10, and 15 mm/min). The results showed that the rolling route and the change in cutting direction led to increased plastic deformation, thus increasing the spring-back factor. The type of route and cutting direction significantly impacted both the maximum load and the springback results.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Cross Rolling
  topic: keywords
subject: sheet metal bending
  topic: keywords
subject: Spring Back
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Emad Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2023-11-15
publication date: 2023-11-15
starting page: 12
ending page: 18
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2023.141732.1054

Investigation of Surface Quality in Bezier Technique for Machining Al7025 Alloy Using CNC Turning
type: item
description: Turning is the most popular machining operation. The quality of the product may be determined using a variety of metrics, such as the surface generation method and the surface roughness of the product. This work uses cutting variables to obtain the best surface quality through a mathematical model. The suggested surface generation in this work results from deriving it using the Bezier technique, with degree (5th) having six chosen control points. One of the critical indicators of the quality of machined components is the surface roughness created during the machining process. Surface roughness improvement via machining process parameter optimization has been extensively researched. The Taguchi Method and actual tests were employed for evaluating the surface quality of complicated forms; regression models with three different variables for the cutting process, such as cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate, were also used. According to the experimental findings, the most significant effect of feed rate on the surface roughness is approximately (40.9%), and the more minor effect of depth of cut on the surface roughness is almost (16.23%). In addition, the average percentage error is 4.93%, the maximum error is 0.14 mm, and the minimum error is -0.143 mm for the prediction using the regression equation.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Surface Roughness
  topic: keywords
subject: CNC turning
  topic: keywords
subject: Prediction
  topic: keywords
subject: ANOVA Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Materials Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: mostafa adel
creator: atheer mohammed
creator: Safaa Ghazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2023-10-19
publication date: 2023-10-19
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2023.140825.1053

Sustainable Management of Water Resources in The Upper Euphrates Basin-Iraq
type: item
description: The research aims evaluates the water consumption and future demand by using the WEAP program. Five scenarios have been adopted, which is the reference scenario that showed the results of increase in water demand from (100) million cubic meters in 2015 to (397) MCM in 2035 with a water deficit in 2035 to (38) MCM. Modern irrigation methods reduce the water deficit from (38-2.9) MCM. While the use of underground water reduced the deficit from (38-26) MCM. As for the wastewater reuse scenario, the deficit decreased from (38-35) MCM. Reducing the per capita share did not reduce the water deficit.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Water Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Upper Euphrates
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Deficit
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Dams and Water Resources Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: S. Mohammad
creator: A. Mustafa
creator: J. Al-Somaydaii
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2020-11-15
publication date: 2020-11-15
starting page: 211
ending page: 220
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2020.171226

Performance Study of Fluent-2D and Flow-3D Platforms in the CFD Modeling of a Flow Pattern Over Ogee Spillway
type: item
description: Recently, the investigations studies of simulating flow over spillways have increased using numerical models. Due to its important structure in the dams to pass flood wave to the downstream safely. Researches finding have shown that CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) models as the numerical method are a perfect alternative for laboratory tests. Performance analysis of the CFD platforms Ansys Fluent-2D and Flow-3D are presented, focus on finding the variations between the numerical results of the two programs to simulate the flow over ogee spillway. The present study treats the turbulence using RNG k-ε of RANS approach, and also use the Volume of Fluid (VOF) algorithm to track the water-air interaction. The Fluent-2D and Flow-3D accuracy are assessed by comparing representative flows variables (velocity; free surface profiles; pressure; and the turbulent kinetic energy). The results of both codes have been also compared with experimental data. The results of the analysis show an excellent agreement between the two platforms data, which could assist in the future by using both programs to calibrate each other, rather than traditionally relying on laboratory calibration models.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Spillway Numerical model Physical model Flow-3D Ansys Fluent Flow simulate
  topic: keywords
subject: Dams and Water Resources Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ahmed Imad Rajaa
creator: Ammar Hatem Kamela
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2020-11-15
publication date: 2020-11-15
starting page: 221
ending page: 230
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2020.171262

A Review on Recent Techniques for Boiler Tubes Corrosion Protection and Fouling Mitigation Using PLC
type: item
description: A steam boiler is a metal vessel in which a particular liquid is heated to steam. Steam is used in the production of energy in several areas as most boilers convert water to steam used in heating buildings and others. Steam boilers are exposed to corrosion and sediment as a result of salts dissolved in water, which may lead to increased temperature inside the boiler and thus the boiler explosion. The research included finding a suitable way to solve the problem of sedi-ment and corrosion by adding suitable chemicals to get rid of the dissolved salts inside the water and maintain steam boiler. To control this problem, the control system is designed to control the amount of salts in the water in the steam boiler using PLC.
subject: Review Paper
  topic: section
subject: Steam boiler
  topic: keywords
subject: Corrosion control
  topic: keywords
subject: PLC
  topic: keywords
subject: Fouling
  topic: keywords
subject: TDS
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
subject: Petrochemical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Raheek I. Ibrahim
creator: Manal K. Odah
creator: Hind A. Sami
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2020-11-15
publication date: 2020-11-15
starting page: 184
ending page: 191
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2020.171220

Numerical study of thermal comfort levels in a conference hall
type: item
description: The present study was concerned with the analysis, simulation of the air flow pat-terns and thermal comfort levels in the University of Anbar at conferences hall (Ibn Al Haitham hall). The study was performed in a hot - dry season. The pur-pose of the present work was to investigate the level of thermal comfort and the influence of the air flow on the flow patterns at the conferences hall. It has been assumed that the total number of occupying audiences in the hall was approxi-mately 100 persons. The present work simulated and analyzed four hypothetical cases, namely: in the first case, the hall was assumed as an empty place, whereas the other three cases were performed by redistribution for the three units of air conditioning, the hall was assumed as a filled place with persons in September 2019. The study was accomplished using simulation techniques, a CFD code (FLUENT 6.2) v.17, which is commercially available. The CFD modelling tech-niques were applied to solve the continuity, momentum and the energy conserva-tion equations in addition to the Turbulence k-є (RNG) model equations for a tur-bulence closure model. Thermal comfort was assessed by finding the values of predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD), and ASHRAE standard-55. In conclusion, the second case was the superior in compar-ison to these other cases. It was noted that the PMV value was 0.17, whereas the PPD value was 6.79 at the breathing level.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: Thermal comfort Air conditioning Turbulence k-є predicted mean vote
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mhaned A. Mudher
creator: Ahmed A. Najeeb ao
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2020-11-15
publication date: 2020-11-15
starting page: 170
ending page: 183
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2020.171219

Characterization of Rotary Friction Welded AISI 304 Steel Joints
type: item
description: Friction welding method is one of the most efficient and effective techniques for joining similar and dissimilar materials. The AISI 304 austenitic stainless-steel is a most common type of austenitic stainless steel which is used in various practical applications like automotive, food manufacturing, chemical applications, etc. Therefore, the impact strength and microstructure behavior of friction welded AISI 304 austenitic stainless-steel joints were investigated. The specimens were divided into two groups, the surface of the first group was flat while the interface of the second group was designed by fabricating a pin and hole. The effect of different forging pressure (192.4, 240.5, 288.6 and 384.8 MPa) on impact toughness and microstructure behavior of AISI 304 were examined using Charpy impact tester and optical microscope, respectively. The minimum impact strength was observed at 240.5 MPa for flat interface samples whereas, the maximum impact strength value (0.5675 J/mm2) was at 388.6 MPa forging pressure for pin interface samples. In addition, the ductile mode in pin type for all cases while both, brittle and ductile mode in the flat joint was noticed. Finally, it was concluded that the impact strength improved with designing a pin and hole shape at the joint interface.
subject: Research Paper
  topic: section
subject: friction welding
  topic: keywords
subject: austenitic stainless steel 304
  topic: keywords
subject: Impact strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Microstructure
  topic: keywords
subject: joint design
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jwan Khalil Mohammed
creator: Ramadan H. Gardi
creator: Dlair O. Ramadan
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 Anbar Journal of Engineering Science
date: 2020-11-15
publication date: 2020-11-15
starting page: 202
ending page: 210
doi: 10.37649/aengs.2020.171224